Graduate Research Library: A Library Guide to Jung's Collected Works: Anima/Animus

Reference publications: Anima/Animus

"Anima and Animus" In A critical dictionary of Jungian analysis by Samuels, A., Shorter, B., & Plaut, F.
Call Number: BF173.J85 S275 1986
Publication Date: 1986
Anima and Animus: "The inner figure of woman held by a man and the figure of man at work in a woman's psyche. Though unlike in the ways in which they manifest, anima and animus have certain characteristics in common. Both are psychic images. Each is a configuration arising from a basic archetypal structure (see archetype). As the fundamental forms which underlie the 'feminine' aspects of man and the 'masculine' aspects of woman, they are seen as opposites. As psychic components, they are subliminal to consciousness and function from within the unconscious psyche; hence, they are of benefit to but also can endanger consciousness by possession. They operate in relation to the dominant psychic principle of a man or a woman and not simply, as is commonly suggested, as the contra sexual psychological counterpart of maleness or femaleness, however. They act as psychopompi or guides of soul and they can become necessary links with creative possibilities and instruments of individuation." (p. 23) [Read more]
Animus-Anima (Analytical Psychology)" In International dictionary of psychoanalysis by Betty De Shong Meador; Alain de Mijolla (Ed.)
Call Number: Ladera: REF RC501.4.D4313
ISBN: 9780028659947
Publication Date: 2005
Anima-animus: "Anima and animus are gender specific archetypal structures in the collective unconscious that are compensatory to conscious gender identity. Thus, animus images primarily depict the unconscious masculine in a woman, and anima images primarily depict the unconscious feminine in a man. The notion first appears in print in Carl Gustav Jung's Psychological Types, in 1921. One of the most complex and least understood features of his theory, the idea of a contrasexual archetype, developed out of Jung's desire to conceptualize the important complementary poles in human psychological functioning. From his experiences of the emotional power of projection in his patients and in himself, he conceived first of the anima as a numinous figure in a man's unconscious. Originally, Jung associated anima with mother and animus with father, but he soon began to identify their roots and effects in a broader spectrum. By 1925 he considered these concepts the two most comprehensive foundation stones of the psyche. Anima and animus, Jung says, are inborn as "virtual images" that acquire form "in the encounter with empirical facts which touch the unconscious aptitude and quicken it to life" (Jung, 1928, p. 300). The initial contrasexual content is introjected from the infant's relationship with the parental figures. (p. 86) [Read more]
"Anima". In Jung lexicon: A primer of terms & concepts by Sharp, D. (Ed.).
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Call Number: BF109.J8S53 1991
Publication Date: 1991
Available as a free download from the publisher
Anima. "The inner feminine side of a man. The anima is both a personal complex and an archetypal image of woman in the male psyche. It is an unconscious factor incarnated anew in every male child, and is responsible for the mechanism of projection. Initially identified with the personal mother, the anima is later experienced not only in other women but as a pervasive influence in a man's life." (Sharp, 1991)

There is [in man] an imago not only of the mother but of the daughter, the sister, the beloved, the heavenly goddess, and the chthonic Baubo. Every mother and every beloved is forced to become the carrier and embodiment of this omnipresent and ageless image, which corresponds to the deepest reality in a man. It belongs to him, this perilous image of Woman; she stands for the loyalty which in the interests of life he must sometimes forego; she is the much needed compensation for the risks, struggles, sacrifices that all end in disappointment; she is the solace for all the bitterness of life. And, at the same time, she is the great illusionist, the seductress, who draws him into life with her Maya-and not only into life's reasonable and useful aspects, but into its frightful paradoxes and ambivalences where good and evil, success and ruin, hope and despair, counterbalance one another. Because she is his greatest danger she demands from a man his greatest, and if he has it in him she will receive it. ["The Syzygy: Anima and Animus," CW 9ii, para. 24]
[Read more]
"Animus". In Jung lexicon: A primer of terms & concepts by Sharp, D. (Ed.).
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Call Number: BF109.J8S53 1991
Publication Date: 1991
Available as a free download from the publisher
Animus: "The inner masculine side of a woman. Like the anima in a man, the animus is both a personal complex and an archetypal image." (Sharp, 1991)

"Woman is compensated by a masculine element and therefore her unconscious has, so to speak, a masculine imprint. This results in a considerable psychological difference between men and women, and accordingly I have called the projection-making factor in women the animus, which means mind or spirit. The animus corresponds to the paternal Logos just as the anima corresponds to the maternal Eros. ["The Syzygy: Anima and Animus," CW 9ii, pars. 28f]
[Read more]

"Anima and Animus" In Encyclopedia of psychology and religion (3rd ed.) by John Ryan Haule
ISBN: 9780387718026
Publication Date: 2020
Anima and Animus: "Terms introduced by C. G. Jung to describe certain functions of the human “soul (anima, Latin). Anima names the feminine unconscious factor in a man, while animus applies to the corresponding masculine factor in a woman’s unconscious. Noting the frequency with which he encountered such contrasexual figures in the dreams of his patients, Jung theorized that every individual is born with the potential for both sets of gender characteristics but — under the influence of genes and socialization — only one set is developed consciously, leaving the other latent in the unconscious. Because dreams tend to “compensate for an inevitable “one-sidedness in conscious attitude, archetypal images of the opposite gender are common in dreams..” (p. 38) [Read more]

"Anima and Animus" in C. G. Jung's Collected Works: The basics by Ann Yeoman and Kevin Lu
ISBN: 9781317213093
Publication Date: 2024
"Jung wrote extensively on the anima, much less so on the animus, leaving that area of research to his wife, Emma, who was herself an analyst and author of Anima and Animus (1957), and, with Marie-Louis von Franz, The Grail Legend (1960/98). Jung was aware of his own masculine bias, which is why he encouraged— arguably to various degrees— his wife, Esther Harding, and Toni Wolff to pursue and publish their own research." [Read more]
"Anima/Animus" in A Guided Tour of the Collected Works of C. G. Jung by Robert H. Hopcke
Call Number: REF BF173 .J85 H66
ISBN: 9781570624056
Publication Date: 1999
"Jung’s discovery of the anima/animus as a archetype of the collective unconscious remains one of his unique contributions to human knowledge and certainly one of his most creative. From his clinical work, his experiences within his own family, and his own self-explorations, Jung observed that beneath his conscious masculine personality there seemed to lie an unconscious feminine side with its own particular character and its own particular ways of acting. Indeed. Jung saw that this softer, warmer, more emotional and spiritual side beneath a man's conscious masculinity had a kind of autonomy and coherence that rendered it not unlike an inner woman, especially since in dreams, fantasies, and projections, this side of his masculinity actually took the symbolic form of a woman. Likewise, as Jung relates in his autobiography, Memories, Dreams, Reflections, he observed in his mother (and subsequently in other women as well) two personalities: The first was a normal, everyday feminine personality, while the second was a more mysterious but very real personality that seemed to resemble an unconscious masculine side to her conscious femininity, a side with traits and modes of behavior generally ascribed to men, such as ruthlessness, rationality, power, and a kind of stalwart, opinionated quality quite at odds with her normal motherly self presentation." (p. 91) [Read more]
Anima/animus In The handbook of Jungian psychology by Andrew Samuels; R. Papadopoulos (Ed.)
Call Number: BF173 .H333 2006
Publication Date: 2012
Anima/animus: "The theory of the individuation process is the key concept of Jungian therapy. The goal of individuation is to become more and more who we really are, distinct from others and yet in relationship to others. This process is a series of confrontational dialogues between us and the world, the human beings to whom we are related and bound and the inner world of the complexes and the archetypes. An essential part of this process, according to Jung, is that a man becomes conscious of his anima, and a woman of her animus, in order to differentiate him or herself from it, and not be dominated by it. The relationship with the anima — which in Jung's oeuvre is given more attention than the animus — gives vitality, creativity and fexibility. It is greatly to Jung's credit that he continually emphasises that 'female' elements exist in every man, just as 'male' elements are in every woman, and that these elements also need to be acknowledged. Jung's concept of the anima and the animus has enabled many individuals to accept themselves as they are and not as they should be according to rigid gender stereotypes. On the other hand, in describing anima and animus, Jung is basically using the established gender stereotypes of his time to de®ne what is female and what is male." (p. 113) [Read more]
"Me and my anima: Through the dark glass of the Jungian/Freudian interface" InThe Cambridge companion to Jung by Elio Frattaroli; P. Young-Eisendrath & T. Dawson (Eds.)
Call Number: BF109.J8C36 2008
ISBN: 9781139001847
Publication Date: 2008
Summary: “This chapter is intended to be read at 2 levels: the level of content and that of process, or form. At the level of content it is a discussion of similarities and differences between Jungian and Freudian psychology. At the level of process it is a dramatic enactment, in the form of an inner dialogue, of the Jungian concept of the anima—more specifically of the relationship between a man (the author) and his anima" (p. 147) [Read more]

Jung on Anima/Animus

Jung's essays on Anima/Animus from the Collected Works:

Suggested readings adapted from Hopcke's (1999) A guided tour of the collected works of C. G. Jung, pp. 91-95.

Available from Ebook Central.

The Syzygy: Anima and Animus (pp 11-22)

Jung, C. G. (1968). The Syzygy: Anima and Animus (R. F. C. Hull, Trans.). In H. Read et al. (Eds.), The collected works of C. G. Jung: Vol. 09 pt. 2. Aion: Researches into the phenomenology of the self (pp. 11-22). Princeton University Press. (Original work published 1951)
The relations between the ego and the unconscious (pp. 121–241)
See especially the section on "Anima and Animus."

Jung, C. G. (1966). The relations between the ego and the unconscious (R. F. C. Hull, Trans.). In H. Read et al. (Eds.), The collected works of C. G. Jung: Vol. 7. Two essays on analytical psychology (2nd ed., pp. 121–241). Princeton University Press. (Original work published 1928) https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400850891.121
Concerning the archetypes, with special reference to the anima concept (pp. 54-72)
Jung, C. G. (1968). Concerning the archetypes, with special reference to the anima concept (R. F. C. Hull, Trans.). In H. Read et al. (Eds.), The collected works of C. G. Jung: Vol. 9 pt. 1. Archetypes and the collective unconscious (2nd ed., pp. 54-72). Princeton University Press. (Original work published 1954) https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400850969.54
Woman in Europe (pp. 113-133)
Jung, C. G. (1970). Woman in Europe (R. F. C. Hull, Trans.). In H. Read et al. (Eds.), The collected works of C. G. Jung: Vol. 10. Civilization in transition (2nd ed., pp. 113-133). Princeton University Press. (Original work published 1927) https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400850976.113
Mind and earth (pp. 29-49)
Jung, C. G. (1970). Mind and earth (R. F. C. Hull, Trans.). In H. Read et al. (Eds.), The collected works of C. G. Jung: Vol. 8. Civilization in transition (2nd ed., pp. 29-49). Princeton University Press. (Original work published 1931) https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400850976.29
Marriage as a psychological relationship (pp. 187-201)

Jung, C. G. (1954). Marriage as a psychological relationship (R. F. C. Hull, Trans.). In H. Read et al. (Eds.), The collected works of C. G. Jung: Vol. 17. Development of personality (pp. 187-201). Princeton University Press. (Original work published 1925) https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400850839-010
Commentary on "The secret of the golden flower" (pp. 1-56)
See especially the section "Phenomena of the way."

Jung, C. G. (1967). Commentary on "The secret of the golden flower" (R. F. C. Hull, Trans.). In H. Read et al. (Eds.), The collected works of C. G. Jung: Vol. 13. Alchemical studies (pp. 1-56). Princeton University Press. (Original work published 1929) https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400850990.1
Psychological aspects of the mother archetype (pp. 73-110)
Jung, C. G. (1968). Psychological aspects of the mother archetype (R. F. C. Hull, Trans.). In H. Read et al. (Eds.), The collected works of C. G. Jung: Vol. 9 pt. 1. Archetypes and the collective unconscious (2nd ed., pp. 75-110). Princeton University Press. (Original work published 1954) https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400850969.75
The psychology of the transference (pp. 163-323)
See especially the section on "King and Queen."

Jung, C. G. (1966). The psychology of the transference (R. F. C. Hull, Trans.). In H. Read et al. (Eds.), The collected works of C. G. Jung: Vol. 16. Practice of psychotherapy (2nd ed., pp. 163-323). Princeton University Press. (Original work published 1946) https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400851003.163

Ebooks:

Animus Aeternus by Deldon Anne McNeely
Call Number: Lambert library: BF175.5.A53M37 1991
ISBN: 9780919123502
Publication Date: 1991
Combining theory with soul-made truths found in the poetry of Sylvia Plath, Adrienne Rich, Teresa of Avila, Emily Dickinson, Mary Oliver and many more, the author illumines the role of every woman’s lifelong companion.
Aspects of the Feminine by C. G. Jung; Gerhard Adler & R. F. C. Hull (Eds. & Trans.);
Call Number: BF23 .J763 1953, vol. 6a, etc.
ISBN: 9780691212890
Publication Date: 1982
Books at JSTOR

"Extracted from Volumes 6, 7, 9, Parts I and II, 10 and 17. This collection offers a range of articles and extracts from Jung's writings on marriage, Eros, the mother, the maiden, and the anima/animus concept. In the absence of any single formal statement by Jung on the psychology of women, this work conveys his views on the feminine and on topics that are intrinsic or related."
"The way to the deep Interior: Anima and animus" In Jung's map of the soul by Murray Stein
Call Number: BF173 .S674 1998
Publication Date: 1998
"In his autobiography Jung tells a story about the discovery of the anima.¹ He writes that during his years of intense inner work after breaking with Freud in 1913 there was a period when he questioned himself about the nature and value of what he was doing. Is this science? he asked himself. Or is it art? He was recording his dreams, interpreting them, sometimes painting them, and trying to understand the meaning of his spontaneous fantasies. At a certain moment he heard a female "voice" say, “It is art." Surprised, he entered into a dialogue with her and gradually recognized that she resembled a patient of his. She was thus a sort of internalized figure, but she also spoke for some of his own unconscious thoughts and values. In his own ego and persona Jung was self identified as a scientist, not an artist. But this voice spoke for another point of view. While retaining his conscious ego position, he began a dialogue with this figure and a study of her. There was more to her than simply the internalized image of his patient. Gradually, through dialogue, she took shape and assumed a fuller personality. “I felt a little awed by her. It was like the feeling of an invisible presence in the room,”² he relates. For Jung this was an important inner experience of the anima, and it has become a key reference point for the anima’s manifestation in the collective memory of analytical psychology." (p. 125) [Read more]
"Gender: The dialectic of anima and animus" in Jung As a Writer by Susan Rowland
Call Number: BF109.J8 R69 2005
ISBN: 1583919015
Publication Date: 2005
"Jung is nowhere more the dualist than in his thinking about gender. His ideas about femininity and masculinity are polarized between an emotional erotic feminine and a rational masculinity. His conventional starting point is made more intriguing if we consider what he is actually describing in the notions of ‘animus’ and ‘anima’: the wayward anima is the unconscious femininity of a man; the unworthy animus is the unconscious masculinity of a woman. Although Jung is in one sense an essentialist in believing that female and male bodies bestow an unproblematic gender identity, he also builds in a dynamic of construction to conscious gender. For it arises from a lifelong dialogue with an inner ‘opposite’ other." [Read more]
"Jung's search for the masculine in women: The signification of the animus" In The feminine case by Andrea Duncan & Tessa Adams (Eds.)
Call Number: BF201.4 .F46 2003 (Browse shelf)
ISBN: 9781855759312
Publication Date: 2003
"The Feminine Case is a collection of papers that debate the issue of gender from a Jungian perspective. Particular attention is paid to the discussion of Jung's "transcendent function" and what this offers women in the process of individualisation. Attention is also given to the revisionist work of James Hillman and to relevant issues found within post-Lacanian critique, principally in the works of Julia Kristeva, Luce Irigaray and Helene Cixous. The chapters deal with a range of issues and aim to promote further discussion. One theme discussed in the book is the way in which feminine language is formed within a masculine domain and how it can and is changing. Works of literature, notably those of Charlotte Bronte and The Tempest, are explored and examined in conjunction with Jungian themes. The feminine in relation to the maternal, and in its lack of relation to the divine, are two other engaging topics discussed in this volume. This collection involves the reader in a welcome debate on the role of the feminine in the Jungian world."
"Me and my anima: Through the dark glass of the Jungian/Freudian interface" InThe Cambridge companion to Jung by Elio Frattaroli; P. Young-Eisendrath & T. Dawson (Eds.)
Call Number: BF109.J8C36 2008
ISBN: 9781139001847
Publication Date: 2008
Summary: “This chapter is intended to be read at 2 levels: the level of content and that of process, or form. At the level of content it is a discussion of similarities and differences between Jungian and Freudian psychology. At the level of process it is a dramatic enactment, in the form of an inner dialogue, of the Jungian concept of the anima—more specifically of the relationship between a man (the author) and his anima" (p. 147) [Read more]
"The problem of contact with Animus" in The inner journey by Barbara Hannah; Dean L. Frantz (Ed.)
Call Number: BF173.J85 H328 2000
ISBN: 9780919123892
Publication Date: 1999
"By the term animus I understand the masculine spirit or unconscious mind of woman. Emma Jung pointed out recently that one should differentiate very carefully here between the anima and the animus. The anima, as is well known, is Jung's term for the feminine soul of man. But it is really a contradiction in terms to speak of the animusas was done in the early days of Jungian psychology and often still today as the masculine soul of woman. The word animus means "spirit" and the contrast between soul (anima) and spirit (animus) gives us a valuable hint as to the difference between the two figures." (Hannah, p. 105) [Read more]
"The religious function of the animus in the Book of Tobit" In The inner journey by Barbara Hannah; Dean L. Frantz (Ed.)
Call Number: BF173.J85 H328 2000
ISBN: 9780919123892
Publication Date: 1999
Lecture delivered on October 7, 1960.

"After the title of my lecture was already announced, I realized it might be misleading as to the nature of the material we are to deal with. Book of Tobit is a very old document (about the third century B.C.) and it is certainly based on still older (Egyptian or Persian) sources. 63 All such bookswhich have passed through a great many hands have to be considered as we do myths and fairy tales; that is, they can usually be taken from both the masculine and the feminine side. Therefore, this story could just as well, and perhaps better, be taken as representing masculine psychology, in which case Sarah would be the demon-possessed anima, instead of an animuspossessed girl." (Hannah, p. 89) [Read more]

Print books available from the library:

Anima (print copy) by James Hillman; Carl Gustav Jung (Contribution by)
Call Number: BF175.5.A52 H55 1985
ISBN: 0882143166
Publication Date: 1998
"This excursion is intended to supplement the main literature on the anima. Since that literature provides a goodly phenomenology of the experience of anima, I shall look here more closely at the rather neglected phenomenology of the notion of anima. Experience and notion affect each other reciprocally. Not only do we derive our notions out of our experiences in accordance with the fantasy of empiricism, but also our notions condition the nature of our experiences." (James Hillman)
Anima As Fate (print copy) by Cornelia Brunner; David S. May (Ed.)
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Call Number: BF175.5.A52
ISBN: 0882145088
Publication Date: 1986
"Written at Jung's suggestion, Brunner's book presents two examples of the anima as fate. She regards the anima as the powerful personal complex of the countersexual soul component ("unconscious feminine soul") of a man. The first half of the book is devoted to Rider Haggard and his bestseller, She (1866), seen as the classic example of a writer dealing with the significant motif of the anima as it unfolds. Brunner provides not only a psychological interpretation of the spontaneous fantasy and an explanatory summary of the symbolism but also a discussion of Haggard's own adventurous life. The second half of the book describes a series of sixty-nine dreams of a young physician over an eight-year period as an example of the dreams of a contemporary man that are strikingly similar to the motifs in the novel. Brunner interprets the series to show how the anima can develop and change as a result of conscious discussion, using her clinical experience and extensive mythological and literary material."
—Abstract from "Feminine and Masculine Psychology" in Cross-Currents of Jungian Thought: An Annotated Bibliography by Donald R. Dyer
Anima and Africa (Print copy) by Matthew A. Fike
Call Number: BF109.J8
ISBN: 9780415786850
Publication Date: 2017
"C. G. Jung understood the anima in a wide variety of ways but especially as a multifaceted archetype and as a field of energy. In Anima and Africa, Matthew A. Fike uses these principles to analyze male characters in well-known British, American, and African fiction. Jung wrote frequently about the Kore (maiden, matron, crone) and the "stages of eroticism" (Eve, Mary, Helen, Sophia). The feminine principle's many aspects resonate throughout the study and are emphasized in the opening chapters on Ernest Hemingway, Henry Rider Haggard, and Olive Schreiner. The anima-as-field can be "tapped" just as the collective unconscious can be reached through nekyia or descent. These processes are discussed in the middle chapters on novels by Laurens van der Post, Doris Lessing, and J. M. Coetzee. The final chapters emphasize the anima's role in political/colonial dysfunction in novels by Barbara Kingsolver, Chinua Achebe/Nadine Gordimer, and Aphra Behn. Anima and Africa applies Jung's African journeys to literary texts, explores his interest in Haggard, and provides fresh insights into van der Post's late novels. The study discovers Lessing's use of Jung's autobiography, deepens the scholarship on Coetzee's use of Faust, and explores the anima's relationship to the personal and collective shadow."
The Animus (print copy) by Barbara Hannah; Emmanuel Kennedy-Xypolitas (Ed.)
Call Number: BF175.5.A53 H36 2010
ISBN: 9781888602463
Publication Date: 2010
"Barbara Hannah was a straightforward, modest, yet a grand woman, a lover of literature, and a colleague and friend of C. G. Jung, Emma Jung, and Marie-Louise von Franz. A first-generation Jungian psychologist, she was an original member of the Psychological Club of Zurich and a founder of the Jung Institute in Zurich. She lectured extensively in Switzerland and England and wrote several books on C. G. Jung and Jungian psychology. The Animus, in two volumes, presents a psychological analysis of the animus, gleaned from handwritten notes, typed manuscripts, previously published articles, the author's own drafts of her lectures, and notes taken by those present. Barbara Hannah tackled the theme of the animus with a comprehensiveness unsurpassed in Jungian literature. Her insights and vigor stem from personally grappling with her own animus, while integrating the experience and reflections of many psychotherapists who worked directly with C. G. Jung. Authenticity and comprehensiveness were priorities in editing this work, as well as the preservation of the excellence and comprehensiveness of her work on the animus--a most complex and vexing topic--while retaining the wonderfully natural spirit of Barbara Hannah herself. Themes include the case of the sixteenth-century nun, Jeanne Fery; the animus in the Book of Tobit (or Tobias); literature generally (the Brontes in particular); and the meaning of the animus for modern women."
Animus and Anima (print copy) by Emma Jung; Cary F. Baynes & Hildegard Nagel (Trans.)
Call Number: BF175.5.A53 J8613 1985
ISBN: 0882143018
Publication Date: 1998
"Jung's wife Emma, an analyst herself, presents essays on the basic relational archetypes (animus in the woman and anima in the man) in this publication of her 1931 lecture on the nature of the amimus delivered at the Psychological Club of Zurich (published in German in 1934 and in English in 1941) and her contribution to the Jung Institute of Zurich's studies series on the anima as an elemental being (published in 1955). She depicts the animus and anima as a connecting link or bridge between consciousness and collective unconscious, functioning in ways compensatory to the outer personality, and conditioned jointly by outer experiences with persons of the other sex and by the collective image of the other sex carried by the psyche. The animus and anima are described as both conscious and outward manifestations and as images and figures within the psyche that appear in dreams and fantasies."
—Abstract from "Feminine and Masculine Psychology" in Cross-Currents of Jungian Thought: An Annotated Bibliography by Donald R. Dyer
Animus and Anima in Fairy Tales (print copy) by Marie-Louise Von Franz; Daryl Sharp (Ed.)
Call Number: Lambert library: GR550 .F68 2002
ISBN: 9781894574013
Publication Date: 2002
"The late Dr von Franz devoted much of her life to interpreting fairy tales, bringing clarity and humour to the work. Here she focuses on what they can tell us about the contrasexual complexes - animus and anima - that inform our fantasies and behaviour concerning the opposite sex."
Invisible Partners (print copy) by John A. Sanford
Call Number: BF175 .S24 1980
ISBN: 0809122774
Publication Date: 1979
"Aiming to bring together Jung's most important ideas on the psychology of the sexes, Sanford examines the sexual duality of human nature from the point of view of "invisible partners" in every man or woman. These invisible partners are the projected images, charged with psychic energy, that arise in every romantic relationship, expressing the androgynous natures of the people involved. He interprets the yang-yin concept of Chinese philosophy and the anima-animus archetypes of Jungian psychology as the eternal tension of opposites with an urge toward wholeness. He discusses the positive and negative effects of anima or animus projections and behavior, using a number of examples from mythology, literature, and life; and he concludes with an analysis of a religions understanding of marriage and sexuality. Appended is a ten-page description of how to use the method of active imagination."
—Abstract from "Feminine and Masculine Psychology" in Cross-Currents of Jungian Thought: An Annotated Bibliography by Donald R. Dyer
The Nature of Loving (Print copy) by Verena Kast; Boris Matthews (Trans.)
Call Number: BD436 .K3313 1986
ISBN: 0933029063
Publication Date: 1986
"The author, a Jungian analyst, discusses close interpersonal relationships, their dynamics and depth dimensions as well as their surface problems from the viewpoint of archetypal patterns. Problems of bonding, of disillusionment, of projection and introjection are carefully discussed. Focusing primarily on the relationship between the sexes, this work also includes much that is relevant to other forms of human intimacy. Myth is brought alive and illuminates the present with the intense light cast by archetypal understandings."
Transforming Sexuality (print copy) by Ann Belford Ulanov
Call Number: BF175.5.A52U42 1994
ISBN: 0877739862
Publication Date: 1994
"For your most intimate and significant relationship with the opposite sex, look within yourself-to anima and animus, the archetypal symbols that define and celebrate the presence of the Feminine in men and the Masculine in women. These compelling figures express inner realities of psyche and spirit with which we all must grapple in putting together the pieces of our individual identities-whether we are married or single, sexually active or celibate, heterosexual or homosexual. They ultimately provide a bridge between the ego and the deepest Self, opening the way to profound self-knowledge and spiritual transformation. The authors use their broad backgrounds in psychology, theology, philosophy, and the arts to follow the archetypes from clinical practice into a fascinating range of cultural manifestations, particularly in the world's great literature-from Dante to Pasternak-making this book the most wide-ranging study to date of these central concepts in Jungian psychology."

McKenzie, S. (2006). Queering gender: Anima/animus and the paradigm of emergence. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 51(3), 401–421. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8774.2006.00599.x
"An exploration into the world of the queer others of gender and sexuality moves us beyond the binary opposition of male/masculinity and female/femininity in our understanding of gender and expands the meaning of gender and sexuality for all humans. A revision of Jungian gender theory that embraces all genders and sexualities is needed not only to inform our clinical work but also to allow us to bring Jungian thought to contemporary gender theory and to cultural struggles such as gay marriage. The cognitive and developmental neurosciences are increasingly focused on the importance of body biology and embodied experience to the emergence of mind. In my exploration of gender I ask how gender comes to be experienced in a developing body and how those embodied gender feelings elaborate into a conscious category in the mind, a gender position. My understanding of emergent mind theory suggests that one's sense of gender, like other aspects of the mind, emerges very early in development from a self-organizing process involving an individual's particular body biology, the brain, and cultural environment. Gendered feeling, from this perspective, would be an emergent aspect of mind and not an archetypal inheritance, and the experiencing body would be key to gender emergence. A revised Jungian gender theory would transcend some of the limitations of Jung's anima/animus (A/A) gender thinking allowing us to contribute to contemporary gender theory in the spirit of another Jung; the Jung of the symbolic, the mythic, and the subtle body. This is the Jung who invites us to the medial place of the soul, bridging the realm of the physical body and the realm of the spirit." [Read more]

APA PsycINFO

Phoenix, E. E. (2019). Goddess Consciousness: The Power of Inanna as Revolutionary Ecofeminist Archetype. Psychological Perspectives, 62(2/3), 193–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332925.2019.1627145
"A robust study of the ecofeminist archetypes in ancient goddess literature, particularly the Sumerian myth of Inanna, can assist in facilitating the global shift in consciousness necessary to alleviate environmental destruction and the human cost of patriarchal capitalism by resolving the wounded anima/animus in our collective unconscious. The human and ecological costs of patriarchal capitalism are the result of placing material wealth over life, just as the masculine is placed over the feminine. To guide any permanent cognitive shift, we humans have historically and intuitively drawn upon archetypes and symbols to give meaning to our lives and inform our transformations. Jung pointed out the relationship between the wounded anima/animus in the personal and collective unconscious and our crises of modernity. Ultimately, we long to resolve this disconnect with our ancestral wisdom. The Sumerian myth of Inanna has been "useful in psychological processes of contemporary women and men," particularly the myth as recorded by the Sumerian poet Enheduanna that includes her reclamation of women's sexual power, and it can serve as a powerful resource in facilitating the cognitive shift necessary to arrest these individual and collective crises. The result of this cognitive shift is the development of goddess consciousness." [Read more]

APA PsycINFO

Toub, G. (2013, October). Jung and Gender: Masculine and Feminine Revisited. The Jung Page.
"Last December I was invited by our local Jung Society to participate in a panel discussion on Jung and gender. I was specifically asked to discuss how I saw Jung's ideas about masculine and feminine as relevant or out-dated in my analytic work. After giving it some thought, I concluded that my experience over the past 20 years was that Jung's ideas were both relevant and out-dated. It is difficult to discuss this topic generally. Some of my clients find Jung's concepts regarding masculine and feminine extremely useful and enlightening. For example, the notion of an inner man or inner woman is helpful to many of them. This Jungian construct seems to fit their experience and assists them in understanding their dreams. But to others, these ideas about gender are foreign and unacceptable, especially when it comes to the narrower definitions Jung gave to concepts such as the anima and animus." [Read more]

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